More than half of the population of Ruhango practice subsistence crop husbandry and livestock farming on small and fragmented pieces of land. This kind of agriculture is usually practiced by the use traditional and elementally methods and does not give out good output due to over cultivation of land, climatic risks, lack of and limited use of agricultural inputs and ignorance of farmers towards more improved agricultural techniques, etc.

The principal food crops produced in Ruhango District are cassava, bananas, maize, rice, beans, sweet potatoes, sorghum soy bean, vegetables, and irish potatoes. These crops are often intended for domestic consumption and in cases of extreme urgency for marketing. The only cash crop grown in the District is coffee which has 4.167.281 trees.

Swamps. The District of Ruhango has sixteen (16) swamps on a total surface area of 860 ha. However only 417ha of swamps are well prepared for agricultural activities. The preparation of the 443ha remaining should contribute to the increase in the agricultural production.

Livestock farming. Currently the District has 44,007 cows, 49,836 goats, 11,490 sheep, 12,801 pigs, 13,187 rabbits and 52,527 chickens. There are also 4,676 hives for bee-keeping. The District has only six fish ponds: 2 in Ruhango sector, 2 in Bweramana sector, and the remaining 2 in Byimana sector. In spite of the efforts of livestock repopulation carried out by certainorganisations, the population always invokes the insufficiency of livestock in the District.